Trauma (PSY 217) Syllabus

Syllabus for Bard College PSY 217 in Spring 2021

Justin Dainer-Best https://affectlab.bard.edu/ (Bard College)https://psychology.bard.edu/
Course Number Time Location Online Office Hours
PSY 217 T/F, 14:00-15:20 Olin 204 F, 12:00-13:45

Make an appointment to come to my office hours.

Pre-requisites: Introduction to Psychological Science or its equivalent in Sociology, Human Rights, or Anthropology.

This course fulfills the psychology major’s Cluster A requirement. It is cross-listed in Human Rights.

Overview

This course explores what it means to experience, deal with, and overcome trauma. It investigates the psychological factors that contribute to trauma; symptoms relating to trauma; the evolution of our understanding of the term itself; and the etiology, diagnosis, consequence, and treatment of trauma-related disorders including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Topics will also include intimate partner violence, and the physiological impacts of trauma, transgenerational trauma, and race-based trauma. We will explore divergent theories of trauma; readings will include fiction and nonfiction accounts, empirical and review articles, and clinical case studies.

The course is discussion-based; you will be “getting your hands dirty” with research, discussions of treatment and case studies, and debates. There will rarely be a lecture-based class; you should come to class having read the reading for that day and prepared to ask questions and interrogate it.

This course will discuss topics that are sensitive or personal for many students. If something discussed in class leaves you feeling upset, please speak to a trusted person about your experience. Further, if you find that you are struggling to cope with some of the topics discussed in class, you may contact Bard Counseling Services, and make an appointment; you may also email or call 845-758-7433.

In the spirit of truth and equity, it is with gratitude and humility that we acknowledge that this class will take place on the sacred homelands of the Munsee and Muhheaconneok people, who are the original stewards of this land. Today, due to forced removal, the community resides in Northeast Wisconsin and is known as the Stockbridge-Munsee Community. We honor and pay respect to their ancestors past and present, as well as to future generations and we recognize their continuing presence in their homelands. We understand that our acknowledgment requires those of us who are settlers to recognize our own place in and responsibilities towards addressing inequity, and that this ongoing and challenging work requires that we commit to real engagement with the Munsee and Mohican communities to build an inclusive and equitable space for all.

Objectives

By the end of the semester you should…

Instructor

The instructor for this course is Assistant Professor of Psychology Justin Dainer-Best (he/him/his).

Materials

Optional books

This course does not use a textbook. Readings will be assigned through PDFs posted to the Brightspace page. Some readings will be assigned from the following books; students who prefer to read from a physical text may choose to purchase copies. Again: readings will be assigned from these books, but you do not need to purchase them unless you choose to.

All readings should be accessible to a screen reader; if you need one but it is not processed correctly, please let me know and I will convert it. You should complete each reading in preparation for class, as listed below on the schedule.

Class Policies

Attendance

We will move at a rapid pace; material that is missed due to absence will not be repeated in class or office hours. Our classes are designed as interactive, and your absence will impact both your own understanding and the class or your group. Missing multiple days of group work may impact your grade.

However, this is a college class and you are an adult; your attendance is your decision. Late arrivals can be disruptive to the class, especially in the current moment. Consistent patterns of lateness are unfair to other students. Please be on time.

If you are not feeling well, please do not come to class. Because of the need to remain home if you are ill, you may at any point choose to attend class remotely. Please let me know if you intend to do this (although I do not need to know why!), and I will make sure that you are able to attend. I have been encouraged to keep records of attendance in the interest of public health, but these will not be used for any other purpose.

If you are attending class online, please log in by the beginning of class. (I will begin promptly.)

Masks

Each of us shares responsibility for the health and safety of all in the classroom. I expect you to maintain six feet of distance from one another, to cover your nose and mouth with a functioning mask throughout class, and to stay home when you feel at all ill. These directives are consistent with Bard’s policies and with the CDC guidelines. In the classroom, if you are not following these provisions (e.g., you remove your mask, or intrude on others’ space), you will be reminded of these directives and then asked to leave.

Accommodations & Accessibility

Bard College is committed to providing equal access to all students. If you anticipate issues related to the format or requirements of this course, please contact me so that we can arrange to discuss. I would like us to discuss ways to ensure your full participation in the course. Together we can plan how best to support your learning and coordinate your accommodations. Students who have already been approved to receive academic accommodations through disability services should share their accommodation letter with me and make arrangements to meet as soon as possible.

If you have a learning difference or disability that may relate to your ability to fully participate in this class, but have not yet met with the Disability Support Coordinator at Bard, you can contact their office through https://www.bard.edu/accessibility/students/; the Coordinator will confidentially discuss the process to establish reasonable accommodations. Please note that accommodations are not retroactive, and thus you should begin this process as soon as possible if you believe you will need them.

Additionally, as my office in Preston Hall may be physically difficult to access, you may always request to meet with me in another location. This semester, however, I anticipate all office hours and meetings to occur online.

Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion

It is important to me that this course provides an open and supportive learning environment for all students. I invite you to speak with me if you have concerns or questions regarding issues of belonging, safety, or equity in the classroom. I want our discussions to be respectful of all students. If I am not helping the classroom to feel like an inclusive environment, I invite you to provide me with [anonymous] feedback. Trauma and clinical experiences are topics about which many people have ideas or beliefs—all forms of knowledge are valuable. While we will primarily engage with the topic of trauma from an observational perspective, respect for all viewpoints is extremely important.

Plagiarism and Academic Integrity

I expect you to be familiar with what plagiarism is and is not. You may not present someone else’s work as your own without proper citation. You may not copy someone else’s work. You may not simply reword text from another source without giving credit. Please cite others’ work where relevant, and use your own writing. If you are not sure about the definition of plagiarism, or whether something constitutes plagiarism, please consult with me or with someone at Bard’s Learning Commons. Students caught plagiarizing will be reported to the Academic Judiciary Board, will get no credit for the assignment, and may fail the course.

I operate from the standpoint that you are interested in learning this material, and are doing your best to operate with integrity.

Cell phones and laptops

Before class, you should silence your cell phone, and you should not be on your phone during class unless you are asked to be (e.g., to respond to a poll). I do not recommend taking notes on your phone as a rule. I recommend taking notes on paper wherever possible. If you text or access materials unrelated to class during our class time, you are mentally absent from class.

When using a laptop, I encourage you to turn off notifications / turn on Do Not Disturb whenever possible. Browsing unrelated materials is distracting to you and also to your classmates. If attending class remotely, I recommend turning on Do Not Disturb and putting the (Zoom) class window in full-screen.

Late Assignments

Most assignments can be turned in within two days of their due dates without penalty. For example, if an assignment is due before class on a Tuesday, it may be turned in by Thursday at midnight without penalty. However, please note that many assignments are intended to develop into conversations; even if you have not turned in a final document to me, you should be prepared to discuss your work in class.

Assignments may still be turned in after their late date. However, such assignments are considered “missing” (see section “Grading” below). If your work is consistently turned in late, this also may impact your grade unless you discuss this lateness with me. All assignments are due by the last day of the semester.

Assignments

Definition Papers

At three points during the semester (see the schedule below), you will write a 1–2-page (single-spaced) definition of trauma. You should use sources from the class or others you identify, cited in APA style. Your second definition paper may reflect back on the first one, but I encourage you to write it without consulting the first paper. Is trauma an immutable concept?

The third paper should be slightly longer (2–3 single-spaced pages) and directly address the original two definitions. (These papers are worth 10, 10, and 20 points.)

Definition Papers will be discussed with a classmate the day they are due; they will be graded based on your final, edited version (due by midnight that day), with points for: having a succinct definition and argument, at least one example, and one potential limitation/critique of the definition. Clarity of writing is encouraged.

Group papers

At six planned points throughout the semester, you and several classmates will discuss specific topics:

Each group will create a single document incorporating all group members’ work and answering the questions for that topic. You will be graded based on your completing all components of the assignment. You do not need to include a breakdown of who did what, but all of your names should be on the paper. (I recommend using reverse alphabetical order for listing—authorship order is irrelevant in these day projects.) Group papers are due one week following the class in which they are assigned.

At the end of the semester, you will work individually to convert one of these group papers into a longer project (a “polished project”). Such projects can be an academic paper (\(\approx\) 5 pages), a short podcast (\(\approx\) 3–5 minutes), a website, a creative project, or any alternative that extends and adapts the projects into a larger form. These polished projects will be graded on their ability to inform the audience about the topic and their connection to the concept of trauma.

Self-assessment

Towards the end of March (see the schedule), you will be asked to submit a 1–2 page self-assessment in which you reflect on the following: what you have learned in this class, your performance in the class, your understanding of terms and concepts, your completion of reading and assignments, your methods of dealing with the potential vicarious trauma of the work of this class, and your plans for the remainder of the semester.

Grades

Grade Range
A-range 135-150
B-range 120-134
C-range 105-119
D-range 90-104
F below 90
Assignment Points
Definition papers 40
Group papers 60
Polished project 30
Self-Assessment 20
Total 150

Your grades in this course will come from the assignments described above: three definition papers, six group papers, one polished project, and one self-assessment. Two definitions, three group papers, and the self-assessment are due before midterm.

Completing the reading and thoughtfully participating in the class is an important component of your learning. You may miss (i.e., not attend in-person or remotely) one group paper without penalty. If you must miss a second, you should plan to complete the work individually, and contact me to receive the assignment.

As discussed above, all assignments may be turned in up to two days late without penalty. Assignments turned in later than that will not receive full points—at maximum a point off for each day late.

Schedule

The schedule may change over the course of the semester. Changes to assignment dates will be announced via email and also changed on the course website. You are responsible for keeping up with the readings, showing up to class prepared, and turning in assignments on-time.

Readings are listed by author last name; PDFs can be found on Brightspace.

Day Date Topic Reading Due
Tuesday Feb 2 Defining Trauma Syllabus
Friday Feb 5 [Re]defining Trauma Friedman et al. (2014) First definition paper
Tuesday Feb 9 Class visit from Angelica Lamorto-Corse, Ph.D.; Diagnosis of PTSD American Psychiatric Association (2013)
Friday Feb 12 (class exercise)
Tuesday Feb 16 Intro to Treatments of PTSD Resick et al. (2014)
Friday Feb 19 (class exercise) First group paper
Tuesday Feb 23 Trauma physiology van der Kolk (2015), pp. 51-104
Friday Feb 26 Neuropsych of trauma Yehuda & Bierer (2009) Second group paper
Tuesday Mar 2 Intimate partner violence Kaplan-Levenson et al. (2020)
Friday Mar 5 [Re]defining Trauma Keret (2007); So (2020); Cisneros (1984)
Tuesday Mar 9 (class exercise) Second definition
Friday Mar 12 Class visit from Maria Galano, Ph.D.  Galano et al. (2020) Third group paper
Tuesday Mar 16 Respite Day no class
Friday Mar 19 Respite Day no class
Tuesday Mar 23 Race-based trauma Comas-Dıaz et al. (2019); Sibrava et al. (2019) Self-assessment
Friday Mar 26 Race-based trauma Hartmann et al. (2019)
Tuesday Mar 30 Minority stress, triggers Nadal et al. (2019)
Friday Apr 2 Refugee mental health Bartlett et al. (2020); Li (2018)
Tuesday Apr 6 Class visit from Mary Armistead, J.D. Gold (2018)
Friday Apr 9 (class exercise)
Tuesday Apr 13 Chronic traumatic stress Fondacaro & Mazzulla (2017)
Friday Apr 16 Psychoanalytic conceptualization Lingiardi & McWilliams (2017) Fourth group paper
Tuesday Apr 20 Dissociation Davies & Frawley (1992)
Friday Apr 23 (class exercise)
Tuesday Apr 27 Transgenerational trauma Heijmans et al. (2008)
Friday Apr 30 Resilience Herman (2015), pp. 133-174; Harvey (2007) Fifth group paper
Tuesday May 4 Advising Day no class
Friday May 7 (class exercise)
Tuesday May 11 [Re]defining Trauma Bridgland et al. (2021); Vuong (2019); Brockes (2019); Alishan (2006)
Friday May 14 Board Week no class Sixth group paper
Tuesday May 18 Board Week no class Final definition
Friday May 21 Completion Week
Tuesday May 25 Completion Week Polished project
Alishan, L. (2006). The black city. In J. Thomas & R. Shapard (Eds.), Flash fiction forward: 80 very short stories (pp. 121–123). W. W. Norton Company.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., pp. 265–290). Author.
Bartlett, R., Sarnyai, Z., Momartin, S., Ooi, L., Schwab, S. G., & Matosin, N. (2020). Biological mental health research in refugees: Current status and future directions. Preprint. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/cfp4h
Bridgland, V. M. E., Moeck, E. K., Green, D. M., Swain, T. L., Nayda, D. M., Matson, L. A., Hutchison, N. P., & Takarangi, M. K. T. (2021). Why the COVID-19 pandemic is a traumatic stressor. PLOS ONE, 16(1), e0240146. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240146
Brockes, E. (2019). Ocean Vuong: ‘As a child I would ask: What’s napalm?’ The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/jun/09/ocean-vuong-on-earth-we-are-briefly-gorgeous-interview
Cisneros, S. (1984). The house on Mango Street (pp. 28–34). Vintage Books.
Comas-Dıaz, L., Hall, G. N., & Neville, H. A. (2019). Racial trauma: Theory, research, and healing: Introduction to the special issue. American Psychologist, 74(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000442
Davies, J. M., & Frawley, M. G. (1992). Dissociative processes and transference-countertransference paradigms in the psychoanalytically oriented treatment of adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 2(1), 5–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/10481889209538920
Fondacaro, K., & Mazzulla, E. (2017). The chronic traumatic stress framework: A conceptual model to guide empirical investigation and mental health treatment for refugees and survivors of torture. Torture, 27(3), 58–69.
Friedman, M. J., Keane, T. M., & Resick, P. A. (2014). PTSD from DSM-III to DSM-5: Progress and challenges. In M. J. Friedman, T. M. Keane, & P. A. Resick (Eds.), Handbook of PTSD: Science and practice (pp. 3–20). Guilford Press.
Galano, M. M., Grogan-Kaylor, A. C., Stein, S. F., Clark, H. M., & Graham-Bermann, S. A. (2020). Dyadic profiles of posttraumatic stress symptoms in mothers and children experiencing intimate partner violence. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 51(6), 943–955. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-00973-y
Gold, S. E. (2018). Trauma: What lurks beneath the surface. Clinical Law Review, 24(2), 201–246.
Hartmann, W. E., Wendt, D. C., Burrage, R. L., Pomerville, A., & Gone, J. P. (2019). American Indian historical trauma: Anticolonial prescriptions for healing, resilience, and survivance. American Psychologist, 74(1), 6–19. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000326
Harvey, M. R. (2007). Towards an ecological understanding of resilience in trauma survivors. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 14(1-2), 9–32. https://doi.org/10.1300/j146v14n01_02
Heijmans, B. T., Tobi, E. W., Stein, A. D., Putter, H., Blauw, G. J., Susser, E. S., Slagboom, P. E., & Lumey, L. H. (2008). Persistent epigenetic differences associated with prenatal exposure to famine in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(44), 17046–17049. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0806560105
Herman, J. L. (2015). Trauma and recovery: The aftermath of violence—from domestic abuse to political terror (pp. 133–174). Basic Books.
Kaplan-Levenson, L. (Producer)., Abdelfatah, R., & Arablouei, R. (Hosts). (2020). Everybody knows somebody [Audio podcast episode]. In Throughline. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2020/01/15/796735042/everybody-knows-somebody
Keret, E. (2007). The nimrod flipout (pp. 7–22). Farrar, Straus; Giroux.
Li, Y. (2018). When we were happy we had other names. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/10/01/when-we-were-happy-we-had-other-names
Lingiardi, V., & McWilliams, N. (Eds.). (2017). Psychodynamic diagnostic manual: PDM-2 (pp. 177–206). Guilford Publications.
Nadal, K. L., Erazo, T., & King, R. (2019). Challenging definitions of psychological trauma: Connecting racial microaggressions and traumatic stress. Journal for Social Action in Counseling & Psychology, 11(2), 2–16. https://doi.org/10.33043/JSACP.11.2.2-16
Resick, P. A., Monson, C. M., Gutner, C. A., & Maslej, M. M. (2014). Psychosocial treatments for adults with PTSD. In M. J. Friedman, T. M. Keane, & P. A. Resick (Eds.), Handbook of PTSD: Science and practice (pp. 419–436). Guilford Press.
Sibrava, N. J., Bjornsson, A. S., Pérez Benı́tez, A. C. I., Moitra, E., Weisberg, R. B., & Keller, M. B. (2019). Posttraumatic stress disorder in African American and Latinx adults: Clinical course and the role of racial and ethnic discrimination. American Psychologist, 74(1), 101—116. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000339
So, A. V. (2020). Three women of Chuck’s Donuts. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/02/10/three-women-of-chucks-donuts
van der Kolk, B. A. (2015). Part two: This is your brain on trauma. In The body keeps the score: Brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma (pp. 51–104). Penguin Books.
Vuong, O. (2019). On Earth we’re briefly gorgeous: A novel (pp. 3–14). Penguin.
Yehuda, R., & Bierer, L. M. (2009). The relevance of epigenetics to PTSD: Implications for the DSM-5. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22(5), 427–434. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20448

References